一个

yī ge

a; an; one

the whole (afternoon, summer vacation etc)

one

ge

used in 自個兒|自个儿[zi4 ge3 r5]

one (一) + counter (个) = a single item

The character 个 is a measure word that pairs with nouns, making 一个 the standard way to say 'one' of something countable. Think of 个 as a universal counter that works with most everyday objects.

我有一个苹果。

wǒ yǒu yī ge píng guǒ.

I have an apple.

他花了一个下午来做作业。

tā huā le yī ge xià wǔ lái zuò zuò yè.

He spent the whole afternoon doing homework.